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What is photosensitivity reaction

2026-01-23 18:09:24 healthy

What is photosensitivity reaction

Photosensitivity refers to the phenomenon that the skin or eyes become abnormally sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light after contact with certain chemicals or drugs. This reaction can cause skin redness, itching, burning, or even severe dermatitis or phototoxic reactions. Photosensitivity reactions are usually divided into two categories: phototoxic reactions and photoallergic reactions, with the former being more common and the latter involving the immune system.

Classification of photosensitivity reactions

What is photosensitivity reaction

TypeFeaturesCommon triggers
Phototoxic reactionDirectly triggered by light energy without immune system involvementCertain antibiotics (such as tetracyclines), plants (such as citrus)
Photoallergic reactionImmune system mediated, delayed responseSunscreen Ingredients, Fragrances, Topicals

Common substances that cause photosensitivity reactions

Categoryconcrete substance
medicineTetracycline antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen), diuretics
plantCitrus fruits (such as lemons), celery, figs
CosmeticsFragrance-containing skin care products, certain sunscreen ingredients

Symptoms of photosensitivity reaction

Symptoms of photosensitivity reactions usually appear hours to days after exposure to UV rays and include:

  • Skin symptoms:Redness, swelling, burning sensation, blisters, pigmentation
  • Eye symptoms:Photophobia, tearing, conjunctivitis
  • Systemic symptoms:Headache, fever (rare)

How to prevent photosensitivity reactions?

The key to preventing photosensitivity reactions is to avoid exposure to known photosensitizers and reduce UV exposure:

  1. Read the drug package insert:Pay attention to whether the drug is labeled "may cause photosensitivity reactions."
  2. Use physical sunscreen:Choose a sunscreen that contains zinc oxide or titanium dioxide and avoid chemical sunscreens.
  3. Avoid going out during periods of strong light:Ultraviolet rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., so extra protection is required.
  4. Wear protective clothing:Wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved clothing and UV protective glasses can effectively reduce light exposure.

Recent hot topics related to photosensitivity reactions

In the past 10 days, the following hot topics have been related to photosensitivity reactions:

hot eventsRelated points
Summer sunscreen science crazeExperts warn that some sunscreen ingredients may cause photosensitivity
A celebrity’s skin allergy incidentIt was revealed that dermatitis was caused by not using sun protection after taking photosensitizing drugs
Internet celebrity lemon mask controversyCitrus ingredients are said to need to be strictly protected from light after use

Summary

Photosensitivity is an easily overlooked but significant health problem. By understanding the triggers, symptoms, and preventive measures, you can effectively reduce your risk. Especially in summer or in high-intensity ultraviolet environments, you need to pay special attention to the photosensitivity of drugs, cosmetics, and food and take comprehensive protection.

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